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Development and use of a laboratory apparatus to study the effect of soil texture, crop history, and water potential on soil loss

机译：开发和使用实验室设备来研究土壤质地，作物历史和水势对土壤流失的影响

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Soil erosion is an international problem that if not controlled will deprive humankind of life sustaining material from the soil. Working diligently to solve this serious problem, researchers have developed several mathematical and computer models, such as the USLE, the MUSLE, the RUSLE, and the WEPP. But, when applied to locations other than those in which they were developed, these models have not performed well;A laboratory apparatus was designed and developed to simulate the field conditions of water potential, as well as field flooding, slope, and water potential. The apparatus successfully duplicated water potential and slope of the field. Field conditions were imitated as closely as possible. Soil structure could not be duplicated identically because it was not possible to disturb the soil from the field and still maintain original soil tilth conditions;The apparatus performed well in initial experiments. Decreased water potential increased the shear strength of the soil. Tensiometers successfully measured soil water potential levels and were read by a pressure transducer;Soils of three textural classes (clay, silt, and sand), three tilth, or historical, conditions (grasses, corn-soybean rotations, and corn-corn rotations), and three water potentials (0, -5 and -15 cm) were studied. Soil in bins was exposed to the erosive power of running water;Runoff from webster (clay) soil from a grassed area had the lowest sediment concentration in the runoff water. On the average, sediment concentrations in runoff water from clay soils were less than those from either silty or sandy soil. Similarly, runoff from plots with -15 cm of water potential yielded less sediment than did plots at 0 cm of water potential. Relatively large sediment concentrations were observed for corn-soybean rotations compared to grass and corn-corn. On the whole, soils under grasses yielded lower sediment concentrations in runoff water than did soils under crop rotations.
机译：水土流失是一个国际问题，如果不加以控制，将剥夺人类维持土壤生命的物质。努力解决这一严重问题的研究人员已经开发了几种数学和计算机模型，例如USLE，MUSLE，RUSLE和WEPP。但是，当将模型应用于开发地点以外的地方时，它们的效果并不理想；设计并开发了一种实验室设备来模拟水势的现场条件，以及水淹，坡度和水势。该设备成功地复制了水势和田野坡度。尽可能模拟田间条件。由于不可能从田间扰动土壤并仍保持原始土壤倾斜条件，因此无法重复复制土壤结构；该设备在初始实验中表现良好。水势的降低会增加土壤的抗剪强度。张力计成功地测量了土壤水势水平并由压力传感器读取;三种质地类别（粘土，粉沙和沙子），三种倾斜或历史条件（草，玉米-大豆轮作和玉米-玉米轮作）的土壤，并研究了三种水势（0，-5和-15 cm）。垃圾箱中的土壤暴露于自来水的侵蚀力；草地地区的韦伯（粘土）土壤的径流在径流水中的沉积物浓度最低。平均而言，粘土土壤中径流水中的沉积物浓度低于粉质或沙质土壤中的浓度。同样，水势为-15 cm的地块的径流比水势为0 cm的地块少。与草和玉米-玉米相比，玉米-大豆轮作观察到相对较大的沉积物浓度。总体而言，草丛下的土壤在径流水中产生的泥沙浓度低于农作物轮作下的土壤。

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    Mahmood, Zahid;

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  • 年度 1992
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